The procedure for diagnosing a disease in the body involves carrying out certain tests. These could be blood tests, imaging tests, fnac or biopsy. Biopsy is one of the most accurate test for diagnosing different types of cancers and several other conditions. Whenever there is any kind of lump in the body, it is advised to surgically remove a part of the lump and send it to the pathology lab for biopsy. Biopsy is the process in which the tissue sample is processed in the lab and slides are made which are examined under the microscope. The pathologist is trained to see different kinds of cells present in the tissue sample. The pathologist has to differentiate between healthy cells and cancerous cells.
Whenever any organ like Gall Bladder, Uterus, Ovaries etc are removed from the body, they are also sent for biopsy to rule out cancer. While doing cancer surgery, the surgeon sends the removed organ to the lab to get urgent biopsy to ensure that entire cancer has been removed and no cancerous part remains behind in the body. This type of biopsy is called frozen section and is less accurate than the normal biopsy.
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The process of making a slide for microscopic examination is quite complicated and requires several days. This is the reason that your biopsy report become available after 12-15 days. The different steps involved in preparing a slide from a tissue are as follows :
1. Fixation - As soon as the tissue is removed from the body it should be put in a jar containing formalin. This prevents the tissue from decaying.
2. Transfer to Cassettes - After fixation, specimens are trimmed using a scalpel to enable them to fit into an appropriately labeled tissue cassette.
3. Processing - All the water and formalin from the tissue is removed by putting it into alcohol of different concentrations. Then a clearing agent like xylene is used to remove the alcohol. The tissue is then placed into molten paraffin wax which surrounds the tissue and forms a block.
4. Sectioning - Wax is removed from the top of the block to expose the tissue. The block is then refrigerated for 10 minutes and then a machine called microtome is used to slice the block into very thin sections. These thin slices of the tissue are then placed on glass to make slides.
5. Staining - Most cells are transparent and appear almost colorless when unstained. Stains like hematoxylin and eosin are used to provide contrast to tissue sections, making tissue structures more visible and easier to evaluate.
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1 Identification and Clinical Information - This section is about the patient name, date of procedure and specimen identifier.
2 Gross description - A gross description describes how it looks to the naked eye and where the biopsy was taken from. It may include a description of the color, size, weight, and texture of the specimen.
3 Microscopic exam - A microscopic exam is a description of what the findings of the slides showed under a microscope. It's usually technical and not in simple language.
4 Diagnosis - This is where the pathologist makes the diagnosis of the disease based on the cells visualized under the microscope. The pathologist tries to give a definitive diagnosis but sometimes there may be differential diagnosis.
5 Comment - This section is used by the pathologist to address or clarify concerns of your healthcare provider or to recommend additional tests you may need.
6 Summary - This section consists of a summary of the pathologist's findings. Comments about the nature of the tissue - benign or malignant.
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What is biopsy test ?
Biopsy Test at Maurya Labs is different from a FNAC test. In FNAC test a small tissue is taken from suspicious growth whereas in a biopsy the organ that is taken out of the body after the surgery is evaluated to rule out cancer. FNAC cannot be a confirmatory test as a small tissue is taken from the entire suspicious growth whereas in biopsy the entire section is sent for the evaluation hence making it more definitive.
What does Biopsy test reveal ?
Biopsy test is done to check the tissue for cancer or in medical language malignancy. It will also diagnose type of cancer that the tissue is having, if any. As a thumb rule any organ or tissue or cyst that is taken out from the body needs to be sent for biopsy to rule out any chance of cancer. For example if a person has under gone a gall bladder surgery and entire gall bladder has been removed then it has to be sent for biopsy.
The report of pathologist will state whether the tissue is cancerous or non-cancerous in nature.
When should biopsy be done ?
Your treating doctor will advise you for biopsy after the surgery has been performed and a tissue or an organ or mass has been removed from the body. The test would be to rule out any chances of cancer in the removed part.
How is biopsy test done ?
The biopsy test is done by creating the slides of tissue and evaluating it under the microscope. At Maurya Labs, Purnea, Bihar, Dr Anurag Mohan who is extensively trained in reporting tissue biopsy will report the test.
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Opposite Sadar Hospital, Azad Nagar,
Araria, Bihar - 854311
Mob : +91-92 34 34 4301
Power House Road, Near HP World,
Rajhata, Binodpur, Katihar,
Bihar - 854105
Mob : +91-92 34 34 4301
